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IP addressing
What is an IP address (IPV4)?
- a 32-bit long unique identifier for a host on a network
IPV6 uses 128-bit addresses (uses the mac address as part of ip address)
- split up into two logical parts
- Network number
- Host number
- split up into 4 binary octets (segments of 8 bits) -- ie. 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111
Decimal Equivalents of Bit Patterns
128
|
\/
|
64
|
\/
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32
|
\/
|
16
|
\/
|
8
|
\/
|
4
|
\/
|
2
|
\/
|
1
|
\/
|
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
=
|
0
|
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
=
|
128
|
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
=
|
192
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
=
|
224
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
=
|
240
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
=
|
248
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
=
|
252
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
=
|
254
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
=
|
255
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Distinguishing IP Address Classes
|
Class
|
Top Octet Range
|
Top Octet Binary
|
Network . Host
|
|
A
|
0.X.X.X- 127.X.X.X
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0xxxxxxx
|
NNN.HHH.HHH.HHH
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B
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128.X.X.X - 191.X.X.X
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10xxxxxx
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NNN.NNN.HHH.HHH
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C
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192.X.X.X - 223.X.X.X
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110xxxxx
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NNN.NNN.NNN.HHH
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D
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224.X.X.X - 239.X.X.X
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1110xxxx
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NNN.NNN.NNN.HHH
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Where N = Network Address space and H = Host Address space
Where 'Top Octet Bits' = Decimal Equivalent Bits
Private IP Addresses
See RFC1918
Private IP address space
|
Network
|
Netmask
|
CIDR
|
|
10.0.0.0
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10.255.255.255
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10.0.0.0/8
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172.16.0.0
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172.31.255.255
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172.16.0.0/12
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192.168.0.0
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192.168.255.255
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192.168.0.0/16
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CIDR -- Classless InterDomain Routing
Masks Listed by Number of Bits
Network
ID Bits
| Host ID Bits
| Subnet
| Example Notation
| # of Subnets
| # of Hosts on
Each Subnet
|
|---|
24
| 8
| .0
| 192.168.1.1/24
| 1
| 254
|
25
| 7
| .128
| 192.168.1.1/25
| 2
| 126
|
26
| 6
| .192
| 192.168.1.1/26
| 4
| 62
|
27
| 5
| .224
| 192.168.1.1/27
| 8
| 30
|
28
| 4
| .240
| 192.168.1.1/28
| 16
| 14
|
29
| 3
| .248
| 192.168.1.1/29
| 32
| 6
|
30
| 2
| .252
| 192.168.1.1/30
| 64
| 2
|
Glossary -- coming soon!
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